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lawyer Law Firm law legal affairs Legal Counsel civil procuration Commercial agency Corporate Legal Department Corporate Lawyer intellectual property right Brand protection civil dispute Corporate disputes Brand protection court judge arbitration litigation consulting service judge court dispute case capital investment legal advice legal service Legal Counsel Brand protection Business survey Lawyer consultation audit legal affairs civil procuration Commercial agency Corporate Legal Department Corporate Lawyer civil dispute Corporate disputes Brand protection court judge arbitration litigation Customs lawyer Personalized Lawyer Customized lawyer Commercial lawyer investment financing Project financing The Belt and Road Initiative Cooperative projects China's debt China's creditor's rights 案件受理费 court acceptance fee 案情重大、复杂 important and complicated case 案由 cause of action   案子 case   包揽诉讼 monopolize lawsuits 被告 defendant(用于民事、行政案件); the accused (用于刑事案件)   被上诉人 appellee 被诉人 respondent; defendant 本案律师 councel pro hac vice 本地律师 local counsel 毕业证 diploma; graduation certificate 辩护词 defense; pleadings 辩护律师 defense lawyer 辩护要点 point of defense 辩护意见 submission 财产租赁 property tenancy 裁定书 order; ruling; determination（指终审裁定） 裁决书 award（用于仲裁） 裁决书 verdict（用于陪审团） 采信的证据 admitted evidence; established evidence 草拟股权转让协议 drafting agreement of assignment of equity interests 查阅法条 source legal provisions 产权转让 conveyancing 出差 go on errand; go on a business trip   出国深造 further study abroad 出具律师意见书 providing legal opinion 出示的证据 exhibit 出庭 appear in court 传票 summons; subpoena 答辩状 answer; reply 代理词 representation 代理房地产买卖与转让 agency for sale and transfer of real estate 代理公证、商标、专利、版权、房地产、工商登记 agency for notarization, trademark, patent, copyright, and registration of real estate and incorporations 代理仲裁 agency for arbitration 代写文书 drafting of legal instruments 待决案件 pending case 当事人陈述 statement of the parties 第三人 third party 吊销执业证 revocation of lawyer license 调查笔录 investigative record 调查取证 investigation and gathering for evidence 调解 mediation 调解书 mediation 二审案件 case of trial of second instance 发送电子邮件 send e-mail 法律顾问 legal consultants 法律意见书 legal opinions 法律援助 legal aid 法律咨询 legal counseling 法庭 division; tribunal 法学博士学位 LL.D (Doctor of Laws) 法学会 law society 法学课程 legal courses 法学硕士学位 LL.M (Master of Laws) 法学系 faculty of law; department of law 法学学士学位 LL.B (Bachelor of Laws) J.D ( juris doctor缩写，美国法学学士) 法学院 law school 法院公告 court announcement 反诉状 counterclaim 房地产律师 real estate lawyer; real property lawyer 非合伙律师 associate lawyer 非诉讼业务 non-litigation practice 高级合伙人 senior partner 高级律师 senior lawyer 各类协议和合同 agreements and contracts 公安局 Public Security Bureau 公司上市 company listing 公诉案件 public-prosecuting case 公证书 notarial certificate 国办律师事务所 state-run law office 国际贸易 international trade 国际诉讼 international litigation 国内诉讼 domestic litigation 合伙律师 partner lawyer 合伙制律师事务所 law office in partner-ship; cooperating law ofice 合同审查、草拟、修改 contract review, drafting and revision 会见当事人 interview a client 会见犯罪嫌疑人 interview a criminal suspect 兼职律师 part-time lawyer 监狱 prison; jail 鉴定结论 expert conclusion 缴纳会费 membership dues 举证责任 burden of proof; onus probandi 决定书 decision 勘验笔录 record of request 看守所 detention house 抗诉书 protest 控告人 accuser; complainant 跨国诉讼 transnational litigation 劳动争议 labor disputes 劳动争议仲裁委员会 arbitration committee for labor disputes 劳改场 reform-through-labor farm; prison farm 利害关系人 interested party; party in interest 律管处处长 director of lawyer control department 律师 lawyer attorney; attorney at law 律师惩戒 lawyer discipline 律师法 Lawyer Law 律师费 lawyer fee 律师函 lawyer’s letter 律师见证 lawyer attestation/authentication 律师见证书 lawyer certification/authentication/witness 律师卷宗 lawyer’s docile; file 律师刊物 lawyer’s journal 律师联系电话 contact phone number of a lawyer 律师事务所 law office; law firm 律师收费 billing by lawyer 律师网站 lawyer website 律师协会 National Bar (Lawyer) Association 律师协会会员 member of Lawyer Association 律师协会秘书长 secretary general of Bar (Lawyer) Association 律师协会章程 Articles of Lawyer Assocition 律师业务室 lawyer’s office 律师执业证 lawyer license 律师助理 assistant lawyer 律师资格考试 bar exam; lawyer qualification exam 律师资格证 lawyer qualification certificate 民事案件 civil case 民事调解 civil mediation 民事诉讼 civil litigation 派出所 local police station; police substation 判决 judgement(用于民事、行政案件);   determination(用于终审);   sentence(用于刑事案);   verdict(由陪审团作出) 旁证 circumstantial evidence 企业章程 articles of association; articles of incorporation; bylaw 企业重组 corporate restructure 起诉状 information; indictment 取消律师资格 disbar 全国律师代表大会 National Lawyer Congress 缺席宣判 pronounce judgement or determination by default 人民法院 People’s Court 人民检察院 People’s Procuratorate 认定事实 determine facts 上诉案件 case of trial of second instance; appellate case 上诉人 appellant 上诉状 petition for appeal 涉外律师 lawyers specially handling foreign-related matters 申请复议 administrative reconsideration petition 申请加入律师协会 application for admission to Law Association 申请人 petitioner; claimant 申诉案件 appeal case 申诉人（仲裁） claimant; plaintiff 申诉书 appeal for revision, petition for revision 实习律师 apprentice lawyer; lawyer in probation period 实习律师证 certificate of apprentice lawyer 视听证据 audio-visual reference material 适用法律 apply law to facts 受害人 victim 书证 documentary evidence 司法部 Ministry of Justice 司法建议书 judicial advise 司法局 Judicial Bureau 司法局副局长 deputy director of Judicial Bureau 司法局局长 director of Judicial Bureau 司法统一考试 uniform judicial exam 送达 service of process 诉讼 litigation; action; lawsuit 诉讼当事人 litigation party; litigious party 诉讼业务 litigation practice 诉状 complaint; bill of complaint; statement of claim 推销法律服务 promote/market legal service 外国律师事务所 foreign law office 委托代理合同 authorized representation contract 委托代理人 agent ad litem; entrusted agent 委托授权书 power of attorney 物证 material evidence 嫌疑人 criminal suspect 项目融资 project financing 项目谈判 project negotiating 刑事案件 criminal case 刑事诉讼 criminal litigation 行政诉讼 administrative litigation 休庭 adjourn the court; recess 宣判 pronounce judgement; determination   宣誓书 affidavit 业务进修 attendance in advanced studies 一审案件 case of trial of first instance 与国外律师事务所交流 communicate with foreign law firms 原告 plaintiff 证券律师 securities lawyer 证人证言 testimony of witness; affidavit 执行笔录 execution record 执业登记 registration for practice 执业范围 scope of practice; sphere of practice; practice area 执业申请 practice application 执业证年检 annual inspection of lawyer license 仲裁 arbitration 仲裁案件 arbitration case 仲裁机构 arbitration agency 专门律师 specialized lawyer 专职律师 professional lawyer; full-time lawyer 撰写法律文章 write legal thesis 资信调查 credit standing investigation 自诉案件 private prosecuting case  案件 case 案件发回 remand/rimit a case (to a low court) 案件名称 title of a case 案卷材料 materials in the case 案情陈述书 statement of case 案外人 person other than involved in the case 案值 total value involved in the case 败诉方 losing party 办案人员 personnel handling a case 保全措施申请书 application for protective measures 报案 report a case (to security authorities) 被告 defendant; the accused 被告人最后陈述 final statement of the accused 被告向原告第二次答辩 rejoinder 被害人 victim 被害人的诉讼代理人 victim’s agent ad litem 被上诉人 respondent; the appellee 被申请人 respondent 被申请执行人 party against whom execution is filed 被执行人 person subject to enforcement 本诉 principal action 必要共同诉讼人 party in necessary co-litigation 变通管辖 jurisdiction by accord 辩护 defense 辩护律师 defense attorney/lawyer 辩护人 defender 辩护证据 exculpatory evidence; defense evidence 辩论阶段 stage of court debate 驳回反诉 dismiss a counterclaim; reject a counterclaim   驳回请求 deny/dismiss a motion 驳回上诉、维持原判 reject/dismiss the appeal and sustain the original judgement/ruling 驳回诉讼 dismiss an action/suit 驳回通知书 notice of dismissal   驳回自诉 dismiss/reject a private prosecution 驳回自诉裁定书 ruling of dismissing private-prosecuting case 补充答辩 supplementary answer 补充判决 supplementary judgement 补充侦查 supplementary investigation 不公开审理 trial in camera 不立案决定书 written decision of no case-filing 不批准逮捕决定书 written decision of disapproving an arrest 不起诉 nol pros 不予受理起诉通知书 notice of dismissal of accusation by the court 财产保全申请书 application for attachment; application for property preservation 裁定 order; determination (指最终裁定) 裁定管辖 jurisdiction by order 裁定书 order; ruling 裁决书 award 采信的证据 admitted evidence 查封 seal up 撤回上诉 withdraw appeal 撤诉 withdraw a lawsuit 撤销立案 revoke a case placed on file 撤销原判，发回重审 rescind the original judgement and remand the case ro the original court for retrial 出示的证据 exhibit 除权判决 invalidating judgement (for negotiable instruments) 传唤 summon; call 传闻证据 hearsay 答辩 answer; reply 答辩陈述书 statement of defence 答辩状 answer; reply 大法官 associate justices; justice 大检察官 deputy chief procurator 代理控告 agency for accusation 代理申诉 agency for appeal   代理审判员 acting judge 代为申请取保候审 agency for application of the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving 弹劾式诉讼 accusatory procedure 当事人陈述 statement of the parties 当庭宣判 pronouncement of judgement or sentence in court 地区管辖 territorial jurisdiction 地区检察分院 inter-mediate People’s Procuratorate 第三人 third party 调查笔录 record of investigation 定期宣判 pronouncement of judgement or sentence later on a fixed date 定罪证据 incriminating evidence; inculpatory evidence 冻结 freeze 督促程序 procedure of supervision and urge 独任庭 sole-judge bench 独任仲裁员 sole arbitrator 对妨碍民事诉讼的强制措施 compulsory measures against impairment of civil action 对席判决 judgement inter parties 二审 trial of second instance 二审案件 case of trial of second insurance 罚款 impose a fine 法定证据 statutory legal evidence 法定证据制度 system of legal evidence 法官 judges 法警 bailiff; court police 法律文书 legal instruments/papers 法律援助 legal aid 法律咨询 legal consulting 法庭辩论 court debate 法庭调查 court investigation 法庭审理笔录 court record 法庭审理方式 mode of court trial   法庭庭长 chief judge of a tribunal 法院 court 法院公告 court announcement 反诉 counterclaim 反诉答辩状 answer with counterclaim 反诉状 counterclaim 犯罪嫌疑人 criminal suspect 附带民事诉讼案件 a collateral civil action 附带民事诉讼被告 defendant of collateral civil action 复查 reexamination; recheck 复验 reinspect 高级法官 senior judge 高级检察官 senior procurator 高级人民法院 Higher People’s Court 告诉案件 case of complaint 告诉才处理的案件 case accepted at complaint 告诉申诉庭 complaint and petition division 工读学校 work-study school for delinquent children 公安部 Ministry of Public Security 公安分局 public security sub-bureau 公安厅 public security bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government 公开审理 trial in public 公开审判制度 open trial system   公示催告程序 procedure of public summons for exhortation 公诉案件 public-prosecuting case 公诉词 statement of public prosecution 公证机关 public notary office 共同管辖 concurrent jurisdiction 管辖 jurisdiction 国际司法协助 international judicial assistance 海事法院 maritime court 合议庭 collegial panel 合议庭评议笔录 record of deliberating by the collegiate bench 和解 composition; compromise 核对诉讼当事人身份 check identity of litigious parties 恢复执行 resumption of execution 回避 withdrawal 混合式诉讼 mixed action 基层人民法院 basic People’s Court 羁押期限 term in custody 级别管辖 subject matter jurisdiction of courts at different levels 监视居住 living at home under surveillance 监狱 prison 检察官 procurator 检察权 prosecutorial power 检察委员会 procuratorial/prosecutorial committee 检察院 procuratorate 检察院派出机构 outpost tribunal of procuratorate 简易程序 summary procedure 鉴定结论 expert conclusion 经济审判庭 economic tribunal 径行判决 direct adjudication without sessions; judgement without notice 纠问式诉讼 inquisitional proceedings 拘传 summon by force; summon by warrant 拘留所 detention house 举报 information/report of an offence 举证责任 burden of proof; onus probandi 决定书 decision 军事法院 military procuratorate 开庭审理 open a court session 开庭通知 notice of court session 勘验笔录 record of inquest 看守所 detention house 可执行财产 executable property 控告式诉讼 accusatory proceedings 控诉证据 incriminating evidence 控诉职能 accusation function 扣押 distrain on; attachment 扣押物 distress/distraint 宽限期 period of grace 劳动争议仲裁申请书 petition for labor dispute arbitration 劳改场 reform-through-labor farm 劳教所 reeducation-through-labor office 类推判决的核准程序 procedure for examination and approval of analogical sentence 累积证据 cumulative evidence 立案报告 place a case on file 立案管辖 functional jurisdiction 立案决定书 written decision of case-filing 立案侦查 report of placing a case on file 利害关系人 interested party 临时裁决书 interim award 律师见证书 lawyer’s written attestation; lawyer’s written authentication 律师事务所 law office; law firm 律师提前介入 prior intervention by lawyer 免于刑事处分 exemption from criminal penalty 民事案件 civil case 民事审判庭 civil tribunal   民事诉讼 civil action 民事诉讼法 Civil Procedural Law 扭送 seize and deliver a suspect to the police 派出法庭 detached tribunal   派出所 police station 判决 judgement; determination 判决书 judgement; determination; verdict (指陪审团作出的) 旁证 circumstantial evidence 陪审员 juror 批准逮捕 approval of arrest 破案 clear up a criminal case; solve a criminal case 破产 bankruptcy; insolvency 普通程序 general/ordinary procedure 普通管辖 general jurisdiction 企业法人破产还债程序 procedure of bankruptcy and liquidation of a business corporation 起诉 filing of a lawsuit 起诉 sue; litigate; prosecute; institution of proceedings 起诉状 indictment; information 区县检察院 grassroots People’s Procuratorate 取保候审 the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving 缺席判决 default judgement 人民调解委员会 People’s Mediation Committee 认定财产无主案件 cases concerning determination of property as qwnerless 认定公民无民事行为能力、限制民事行为能力案件cases concerning determination of a citizen as incompetent or with limited disposing capacity 上诉 appeal 上诉人 appellant 上诉状 petition for appeal 少管所 juvenile prison 社会治安综合治理 comprehensive treatment of social security 涉外案件 cases involving foreign interests 涉外民事诉讼 foreign civil proceedings 涉外刑事诉讼 foreign criminal proceedings 申请人 applicant; petitioner 申请书 petition; application for arbitration 申请执行人 execution applicant 申诉人宣誓书 claimant’s affidavit of authenticity 申诉书 appeal for revision; petition for revision 神示证据制度 system of divinity evidence 神示制度 ordeal system 审查案件 case review 审查并决定逮捕 examine and decide arrest 审查起诉阶段 stage of review and prosecution 审理通知书 notice of hearing 审判长 presiding judge 审判长宣布开庭 presiding judge announce court in session 审判管辖 adjudgement/trial jurisdiction 审判监督程序 procedure for trial supervision 审判委员会 judicial committee 审判员 judge 审问式诉讼 inquisitional proceedings 生效判决裁定 legally effective judgement/order 胜诉方 winning party 省市自治区检察院 higher People’s Procuratorate 失踪和死亡宣告 declaration of disappearance and death 实（质）体证据 substantial evidence 实物证据 tangible evidence 实在证据 real evidence 示意证据 demonstrative evidence 视听证据 audio-visual evidence 收容所 collecting post; safe retreat 首席大法官 chief justice 首席检察官 chief procurator 受害人的近亲属 victim’s immediate family 受理 acceptance 受理刑事案件审批表 registration form of acceptance of criminal case 受送达人 the addressee 书记员 court clerk 书记员宣读法庭纪律 court clerk reads court rules 书证 documentary evidence 司法部 Ministry of Justice 司法机关 judicial organizatons 司法警察 judicial police 司法局 judicial bureau 司法厅 judicial bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions, and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government 司法协助 judicial assistance 死缓的复核 judicial review of death sentence with a retrieve 死刑复核程序 procedure for judicial review of death sentence 死刑复核权 competence for judicial review of death sentence 送达 service of process 送达传票 service of summons/subpoena 送达诉状 service of bill of complaint 搜查 search 诉 sue; suit; action; lawsuit 诉前财产保全 property attachment prior to lawsuit 诉讼 litigation; lawsuit; sue; action 诉讼保全 attachment 诉讼参加人 litigious participants 诉讼代理人 agent ad litem 诉状 complaint; bill of complaint; state of claim 特别程序 special procedures 提起公诉 institute a public prosecution 铁路法院 railway court 铁路检察院 railroad transport procuratorate 庭审程序 procedure of court trial 通缉 wanted for arrest 投案 appearance 退回补充侦查 return of a case for supplementary investigation 委托辩护 entrusted defense 未成年人法庭 juvenile court 无行政职务的法官 associate judge 无正当理由拒不到庭 refuse to appear in court without due cause 无罪判决 acquittal, finding of “ not guilty ” 物证 material evidence 先予执行申请书 application for advanced execution 先予执行 advanced execution 刑事案件 criminal case 刑事拘留 criminal detention 刑事强制拘留 criminal coercive/compulsory measures 刑事审判庭 criminal tribunal   刑事诉讼 criminal proceedings 刑事诉讼法 Criminal Procedural Law 刑事自诉状 self-incriminating criminal complaint 行政案件 administrative case 行政审判庭 administrative tribunal   行政诉讼 administrative proceedings 行政诉讼法 Administrative Procedural Law 宣告失踪、宣告死亡案件 cases concerning the declaration of disappearance and death 宣判笔录 record of rendition of judgement 选民资格案件 cases concerning qualifications of voters 询问证人 inquire/question a witness 训诫 reprimand 讯问笔录 record of interrogation 询问犯罪嫌疑人 interrogate criminal suspect 言词证据 verbal evidence 要求传唤证人申请书 application for subpoena 一裁终局 arbitration award shall be final and binding 一审 trial of first instance 一审案件 case of trial of first instance 应诉通知书 notice of respondence to action 有罪判决 sentence; finding of “guilty” 予审 preliminary examinantion; pretrial   原告 plaintiff 院长 court president 阅卷笔录 record of file review (by lawyers) 再审案件 case of retrial   再审申请书 petition for retrial   责令具结悔过 order to sign a statement of repentance 债权人会议 creditors’ meeting 侦查阶段 investigation stage 侦查终结 conclusion of investigation 征询原、被告最后意见 consulting final opinion of the plaintiff and defendant 证据 evidence 证据保全 preserve evidence 证据保全申请书 application for evidence preservation 证人证言 testimony of witness; affidavit 支付令 payment order/warrant 知识产权庭 intellectual property tribunal 执行程序 procedure execution 执行逮捕 execution of arrest 执行和解 conciliation of execution 执行回转 recovery of execution 执行庭 executive tribunal   执行异议 objection to execution 执行员 executor 执行中止 discontinuance of execution 执行终结 conclusion of execution 指定辩护 appointed defense 指定仲裁员声明 statement of appointing arbitrator 中级人民法院 intermediate People’s Court 中途退庭 retreat during court session without permission 仲裁 arbitration 仲裁被诉人 respondent; defendant 仲裁裁决 award 仲裁申请书 arbitration 仲裁申诉人 claimant; plaintiff 仲裁庭 arbitration tribunal   仲裁委员会 arbitration committee 仲裁协议 arbitration agreement; clauses of arbitration 仲裁员 arbitrator 主诉检察官 principal procurator 助理检察官 assistant procurator 助理审判员 assistant judge 专门法院 special court 专门管辖 specific jurisdiction 专属管辖 exclusive jurisdiction 追究刑事责任 investigate for criminal responsibility 自首 confession to justice 自诉案件 private-prosecuting case 自行辩护 self-defense 自由心证制度 doctrine of discretional evaluation of evidence 自侦案件 self-investigating case 最高人民法院 the Supreme People’s Court 最高人民检察院 the Supreme People’s Procuratorate 最后裁决书 final award 民事法律 法律渊源 source of law 制定法 statute 判例法 case law; precedent 普通法 common law 特别法 special law 固有法 native law; indigenous law 继受法 adopted law 实体法 substantial law 程序法 procedural law 原则法 fundamental law 例外法 exception law 司法解释 judicial interpretation 习惯法 customary law 公序良俗 public order and moral 自然法 natural law 罗马法 Roman Law 私法 private law 公法 public law 市民法 jus civile 万民法 jus gentium 民法法系 civil law system 英美法系 system of Anglo-American law 大陆法系 civil law system 普通法 common law 大陆法 continental law 罗马法系 Roman law system 英吉利法 English law 衡平法 equity; law of equity 日尔曼法 Germantic law 教会法 ecclesiastical law 寺院法 canon law 伊斯兰法 Islamic law 民法法律规范 norm of civil law 授权规范 authorization norm   禁止规范 forbidding norm 义务性规范 obligatory norm 命令性规范 commanding norm 民法基本原则 fundamental principles of civil law 平等原则 principle of equality 自愿原则 principle of free will   公平原则 principle of justice 等价有偿原则 principle of equal value exchange 诚实信用原则 principle of good faith 行为 act 作为 act 不作为 omission 合法行为 lawful act 违法行为 unlawful act 民事权利权利能力 civil right 绝对权 absolute right 相对权 relative right 优先权 right of priority 先买权 preemption 原权 antecedent right 救济权 right of relief 支配权 right of dominion 请求权 right of claim 物上请求权 right of claim for real thing 形成权 right of formation 撤销权 right of claiming cancellation 否认权 right of claiming cancellation 解除权 right of renouncement 代位权 subrogated right 选择权 right of choice 承认权 right of admission 终止权 right of termination 抗辩权 right of defense 一时性抗辩权 momentary right of defense 永久性抗辩权 permanent counter-argument right 不安抗辩权 unstable counter-argument right 同时履行抗辩权 defense right of simultaneous performance 既得权 tested right 期待权 expectant right 专属权 exclusive right 非专属权 non-exclusive right 人身权利 personal right 人权 human right 人格权 right of personality 生命健康权 right of life and health 姓名权 right of name 名称权 right of name 肖像权 right of portraiture 自由权 right of freedom 名誉权 right reputation 隐私权 right of privacy 私生活秘密权 right of privacy 贞操权 virginity right 身份权 right of status 亲权 parental power; parental right 亲属权 right of relative 探视权 visitation right 配偶权 right of spouse 荣誉权 right of honor 权利的保护 protection of right 公力救济 public protection 私力救济 self-protection 权利本位 standard of right 社会本位 standard of society 无责任行为 irresponsible right 正当防卫 justifiable right; ligitimate defence 防卫行为 act of defence 自为行为 self-conducting act 紧急避险 act of rescue; necessity 自助行为 act of self-help 不可抗力 force majeure 意外事件 accident 行为能力 capacity for act 意思能力 capacity of will 民事行为 civil act 意思表示 declaration of intention 意思表示一致 meeting of minds; consensus 完全行为能力 perfect capacity for act   限制行为能力 restrictive capacity for act 准禁治产人 quasi-interdicted person 保佐 protection 自治产人 minor who is capable of administering his own capacity 无行为能力 incapacity for act 禁治产人 interdicted person 自然人 natural person 公民 citizen 住所 domicile 居所 residence 经常居住地 frequently dwelling place 户籍 census register 监护 guardianship 个体工商户 individual business 农村承包经营户 leaseholding rural household 合伙 partnership 合伙人 partner 合伙协议 partnership agreement 合伙财产 property of partnership 合伙债务 debt of partnership 入伙 join partnership 退伙 withdrawal from partnership 合伙企业 partnership business establishment 个人合伙 partnership 法人合伙 partnership of legal person 特别合伙 special partnership 普通合伙 general partnership   有限合伙 limited partnership 民事合伙 civil partnership 隐名合伙 sleeping partnership; dormant partnership 私营企业 private enterprise; proprietorship 法人 legal person 企业法人 legal body of enterprise 企业集团 group of enterprise 关联企业 affiliate enterprise 个人独资企业 individual business establishment 国有独资企业 solely state-owned enterprise 中外合资企业 Sino-foreign joint venture enterprise 中外合作企业 Sino-foreign contractual enterprise 社团法人 legal body of mass organization 财团法人 legal body of financial group 联营 joint venture 法人型联营 association of legal persons 合伙型联营 coordinated management in partnership 协作型联营 cooperation-type coordinated management 合作社 cooperative 民事法律行为 civil legal act 单方民事法律行为 unilateral civil legal act 双方民事法律行为 bilateral civil legal act 多方民事法律行为 joint act civil legal act 有偿民事法律行为 civil legal act with consideration 无偿民事法律行为 civil legal act without consideration; civil legal act without award 实践性民事法律行为 practical civil legal act 诺成性民事法律行为 consental civil legal act 要式民事法律行为 formal civil legal act 不要式民事法律行为 informal civil legal act 要因民事法律行为 causative civil legal act 不要因民事法律行为 noncausative civil legal act 主民事法律行为 principal civil legal act 从民事法律行为 accessory civil legal act 附条件民事法律行为 conditional civil legal act 附期限民事法律行为 civil legal act with term   生前民事法律行为 civil legal act before death 死后民事法律行为 civil legal act after death 准民事法律行为 quasi-civil legal act 无效行为 ineffective act 可撤销民事行为 revocable civil act 违法行为 illegal act; unlawful act 侵权行为 tort 欺诈 fraud 胁迫 duress 乘人之危 taking advantage of others’ precarious position 以合法形式掩盖非法目的 legal form concealing illegal intention 恶意串通 malicious collaboration 重大误解 gross misunderstanding 显失公平 obvious unjust 误传 misrepresentation 代理 agency 本人 principal 被代理人 principal 受托人 trustee 代理人 agent 本代理人 original agent 法定代理人 statutory agent; legal agent 委托代理人 agent by mandate 指定代理人 designated agent 复代理人 subagent 再代理人 subagent 转代理人 subagent 代理权 right of agency 授权行为 act of authorization 授权委托书 power of attorney 代理行为 act of agency 委托代理 agency by mandate 本代理 original agency 复代理 subagency 次代理 subagency 有权代理 authorized agency 表见代理 agency by estoppel; apparent agency 律师代理 agency by lawyer 普通代理 general agency 全权代理 general agency 全权代理委托书 general power of attorney 孳息 fruits 天然孳息 natural fruits 法定孳息 legal fruits 无主物 bona vacatia; vacant goods; ownerless goods 遗失物 lost property 漂流物 drifting object 埋藏物 fortuna; hidden property 货币 currency 证券 securities 债券 bond 物权分类 classification of right in rem/real right   自物权 jus in re propria; right of full ownership 所有权 dominium; ownership; title 所有权凭证 document of title; title of ownership 占有权 dominium utile; equitable ownership 使用权 right of use; right to use of   收益权 right to earnings; right to yields 处分权 right of disposing; jus dispodendi 善意占有 possession in good faith 恶意占有 malicious possession 按份共有 several possession 共同共有 joint possession 他物权 jus in re aliena 用益物权 real right for usufruct 使用权 right to use; right of use 土地使用权 right to the use of land 林权 forest ownership 采矿权 mining ownership 经营权 managerial authority; power of management 承包经营权 right to contracted management 相邻权 neighboring right; relatedright 地上权 superficies 永佃权 jus emphyteuticum; right to landed estate granted in perpetuity through a contract 地役权 servitude; easement 人役权 servitus personarum; personal servitude 担保物权 real right for security 物的担保 security for thing 物的瑕疵担保 warranty against defect of a thing 抵押权 hypotheca; hypothecation; right to mortgage 抵押权的设定 creation of right to mortgage 抵押人 mortgagor 抵押权人 mortgagee 抵押标的物 collateral; estate under mortgage 抵押权的效力 deffect of right to mortgage 抵押权的次序 sequence of right to mortgage 抵押权的抛弃 abandonment of right to mortgage 抵押权的让与 alienation of right to mortgage 抵押权的实现 materialization of right to mortgage 抵押权的消灭 extinction of right to   mortgageregistration of estate under mortgage 抵押物登记 registration of estate under mortgage 抵押优先权 priority of mortgage 留置权 lien 一般留置权 general lien   特别留置权 special lien 质权 hypotheque; pledge; right of pledge 佃权 tenant right   债权 jus in personam; right to give or procure; claim; creditor’s right 债权人 creditor 债务人 debtor 相对人 counterpart; offeree 给付 give; pay 债务 debt; liability; obligation 债务的偿还 payment of debt 债务的偿清 discharge of debt 债务的担保 guarantee of debt 债务的合并 consolidation of debt 债务的给付日期 debt maturity 债务的免除 exemption of debt 债的分类 obligatio; obligation 法定之债 legal obligation 任意之债 voluntary obligation 简单之债 simple obligation 选择之债 alternative obligation 主债 prime/principal obligation 从债 accessory obligation 单一之债 single obligation 按份之债 several obligation 连带之债 joint obligation 特定之债 certain obligation 种类之债 indefinite obligation 合同之债 contractual obligation 侵权行为之债 tort obligation   损害赔偿之债 obligation of compensation for injury; obligation of damages 人身损害 damage to person 精神损害 moral/mental/spiritual damage 医药费 hospital treatment expense 医疗费 medical charge 抚恤金 pension 慰问金 consolation money 产品瑕疵 defect of product 不当得利 unjust enrichment 无因管理 voluntary service 债的担保 guarantee of obligation 财产担保 property guarantee 信用担保 credit guarantee 让与担保 alienation guarantee 保证 guaranty 明示保证 express guaranty 默示保证 implied guaranty 保证人 guarantor 保证合同 contract of guaranty/suretyship 保证金 guaranty bond; security deposit 押金 deposit; foregift 预付款 advanced payment 定金 earnest money; deposit 违约金 liquidated damages 法定违约金 liquidated damages by law 约定违约金 liquidated damages by agreement 债的履行 performance of obligation 实际履行原则 doctrine of specific performance 情事变更原则 doctrine of change of circumstances 不当履行 misfeasance 清偿 discharge; satisfaction 提存 debtor’s submission of the subject matter of obligation to competent authority 抵销 setoff 知识产权 intellectual property 知识产权国际保护 international protection of intellectual property 国民待遇原则 doctrine of national treatment 优先权原则 a right of priority doctrine 自动保护原则 doctrine of automatic protection 特许权使用费 royalties 智力成果 intellectual property 著作权 copyright 版权 copyright 著作权人 copyright owner 创作 creation 作品 opus; product; work 著作人格权 right of personality of copyright 发表权 right of publication 署名权 right of authorship; right of paternity 修改权 right of modification; right of revision 完整性保持权 right to maintain integrity 不可侵犯权 inviolability 收回权 right of recall; right of retrieval 自费出版 publish a book at the author’s own expense 著作财产权 property right in work   使用收益分享权 right to share usufruct 利用权 right to make use of   获得报酬权 right to get payment 重播权 right of rebroadcasting 录制权 right of fixation 机械复制权 right of mechanograph; right of mechanical reproduction 著作邻接权 neighboring right of copyright 剽窃 plagiary; plagiarism 盗版 pirate 盗版VCD pirated VCD 伪造 forge 工业产权 industrial property 专利权 patent right 优先权日 priority date 申请在先原则 prior application rule 使用在先 priority of use 新颖性 novelty 创造性 creativity 实用性 practicability 发明创造 invention and creation 实用新型 utility model 外观设计 design; industrial design 发明权 right of invention 发现权 right of discovery 专利申请 patent application 专利异议 objection to a patent 专利公告 patent gazette 专利续展费 renewal fee of patent 专利许可协议 patent licensing agreement 技术诀窍 know-how 专有技术 know-how 专利证书 certificate of patent 专利事务所 patent office 专利代理 patent agency 中华人民共和国专利局 Patent Office of the People’s Republic of China 商标权 trademark right 商标国际注册 international registration of trademark 商品商标 commodity trademark 服务商标 service trademark 驰名商标 reputed trademark 广告商标 advertisement trademark 近似商标 similar trademark 商标评审委员会 trade review and appraisal board 商标审查 trademark examination 商标侵权 trademark infringement 商标注册 registered trademark 商标公告 trademark gazette 注册商标使用许可 licensing of registered trademark 注册商标转让 assignment of registered trademark 商标使用许可协议 trademark licensing agreement 商标事务所 trademark office 商标代理 trademark agency 婚姻、家庭、继承、收养 marriage, family, inheritance, adoption 婚姻法 marital law; marriage law 包办婚姻 arranged marriage 财产分割 partition; dismemberment of property 重婚 bigamy 独生子女 only child 法律婚 legal marriage 非婚生子女 illegitimate child 夫妻共同财产 community property 夫妻关系 conjugal relationship 夫妻分居 divorce a mensa et thoro; divorce from bed and board 复婚 resumption of marriage 感情破裂 incompatibility 婚后财产公证 notarization of postnuptial properties 婚姻登记 marriage registration 婚生子女 ligitimate child 计划生育 birth control 结婚 marry 离婚 divorce 买卖婚姻 mercenary marriage 拟制血亲 blood relations in fiction of law 旁系血亲 collateral relation blood relation 涉外婚姻 marriage with foreign elements 配偶 spouse 事实婚 de facto marriage 诉讼离婚 divorce by litigation 探视权 visitation right 同居 cohabitation 晚婚 late marriage 无效婚姻 void marriage 协议离婚 divorce by agreement  一夫一妻制 monogamy 早婚 early marriage 直系血亲 lineal descent 自然血亲 natural blood relation 收养法 adoption law 收养协议 adoption agreement 收养人 adoptive parent 送养人 person or institution placing out a child for adoption 涉外收养 adoption with foreign elements 继承法 inheritance law; law of succession 法定继承 legal seccession 遗嘱继承 intestate succession 遗赠继承 succession by devise 自然继承 natural succession  代位继承 representation; succession by subrogation 世袭继承 hereditary succession 间接继承 indirect succession 转继承 subsuccession 共同继承 joint succession 单独继承 single succession 继承人 heir; successor 第二顺序继承人 successor second in order 第一顺序继承人 successor first in order 继承参与人 succession participant 遗产 inheritance; heritage 遗产继承人 heir to property; inheritor 遗言 last will and testament 遗书 last words 遗赠 bequest; legacy; devise 遗赠抚养协议 legacy-support ageement 商事法律 会计法 accounting law 税法 tax law; taxation law 反不正当竞争法 anti-unfair competition law 消费者权益保护法 consumer’s interest protection law 产品责任法 production liability law 消费者权益法 consumer rights and interests law 公司法 company law; corporate law 公司 company; corporation 有限责任公司 limited liability company 股份有限公司 company limited by shares 无限公司 unlimited company 股份两合公司 joint stock limited liability partnership 两合公司 joint liability company 控股公司 holding company 集团公司 group company 合资公司 joint venture company 联营公司 associated company; affiliated company 国营公司 state-own company 国有公司 state-owned company 民营公司 civilian-run company 本国公司 national/domestic company 外国公司 foreign company 上市公司 listed company 母公司 parent company 子公司 subsidiary 皮包公司 briefcase company; fundless company 募集设立 incorporation by stock floatation 发起人 floater; initiator 公司名称 name of company 公司住址 domicile of company 出资 contribution; capital subscription 现金出资 investment in cash 实物出资 investment in kind 工业产权出资 investment in industrial property right 非专有技术出资 investment in non-patent technology 劳务出资 investment in labor 高新技术成果出资 investment in hi-tech achievements 注册资本 registered capital 实缴资本 paid-in capital 验资报告 capital verification report 会计师事务所 certified public accountants 注册会计师 certified public accountant 资本三原则 three doctrine of capital   资本确定原则 doctrine of capital determination 资本维持原则 doctrine of capital maintenance 资本不变原则 doctrine of unchanging capital 最低资本额制度 minimum capital system 公司章程 articles of association; articles of incorporation; bylaw 公司登记 incorporation; corporate registration 公司存续 existence of company 公司合并分立 merger and split of company 公司并购 corporate merger and acquisition 公司管理 corporate governance; company management 公司法律顾问 corporate counsel 公司整顿 company rectification 公司歇业 closure of business 公司和解 company composition 公司解散 company dissolution 公司清算 company liquidation 公司清理 company winding-up 竞业禁止 non-commpete; competition prohibition 招股章程 prospectus 股本 stock capital   股东 shareholder 股东大会 shareholders’ meeting 股东大会决议 resolution of shareholders’ meeting 股东大会议事规则 rule of procedure of shareholders’ meeting 表决权 voting right; right to vote 董事 director 董事长 president/chairman of the board 首席执行官 chief executive officer(CEO) 首席运营官 chief operation officer(COO) 执行董事 executive director 常务董事 managing director 董事会 board of directors 董事会领导下的经理负责制 responsibility system of the chief executive officer under the leadership of the board of directors 经理独立负责制 manager independent responsibility system 监事 supervisor 监事会 board of supervisors 股 share; stock 普通股 common stock 特别股 special stock 资格股 qualification stock 优先股 preferred stock 劣后股 inferior stock 表决权股 stock with voting power 溢价股 premium stock 折价股 converting stock 国家股 state-owned share 集体股 collective share 法人股 corporate share 企业股 enterprise share 个人股 individual share 股息 dividend 红股 bonus stock; dividend stock 法定公积金 legal accumulation fund 资本公积金 capital accumulation fund 盈余公积金 surplus accumulation fund 任意公积金 optional accumulation fund 公司犯罪 corporate crime 证券法 securities law 证券发行 issuance of securities 证券上市 list securities; float an issue 证券交易所 stock exchange 证券商 securities dealer 证券公司 securities company 证券承销商 consortium of underwriters 证券承销合同 underwriting contract 证券经纪人 securities broker 披露制度 disclosing system 交割日 closing date 风险投资基金 venture capital fund 上海证券交易所 Shanghai Stock Exchange   深圳证券交易所 Shenzhen Stock Exchange 证券监督委员会 securities supervision committee 票据法 law of negotiable instrument 票据 notes; bills; commercial instruments 商业票据 bill; commercial instrument 远期票据 time bill;; long-dated bill 到期票据 matured bill 即期票据 sight bill 记名票据 bill payable to order; note to order 不记名票据 bearer instrument 本票 promissory note 支票 cheque 汇票 bill of exchange 发票日 ticket day 出票日 date of draft/issue 发票地 place of draft/issue 票据到期日 bill to mature 票据金额 sum of bill 票面价额 face value 票据出票人 drawer 票据持票人 bill holder 票据承兑人 bill acceptor 票据行为 act on commercial paper 承兑票据 honor a bill 票据议付 negotiation 拒付票据 protest a bill 票据付款人 drawee 票据支付人 payer on commercial instrument 票据收款人 bill collector 票据背书人 endorser/indorser of a bill 被背书人 endorsee 票据保证人 bill guarantor 票据被保证人 bill pledgee/warrantee 再追索人 renewed recourser 前手 remote holder 后手 subsequent endorser 票据权利 right of bill   票据期限 term of bill; tenor 票据债务人 debtor of commercial instrument 追索权 right of recourse 票据抗辩 exception to bill 票据丧失 loss of bill 票据时效 prescription of exchanges 票据贴现 discount of bill 再贴现 rediscount of bill 恩惠期间 term of benevolence 票据代理 agency for notes/bills/commercial instruments 海商法 maritime law 船舶国籍证书 certificate of registry; certificate of ship’s nationality 船棋国 flag country 船舶所有权证书 certificate of ship ownership 船舶检验 register of ship 船舶保险 insurance on hull 船舶保险单 hull insurance policy 船舶登记证书 certificate of registry 船舶丈量 tonnage measurement of ships 船舶进港费 groundage 船舶抵押 ship mortgage 船舶租赁 ship chartering 船舶转租 ship subchartering 船舶所有人责任限制 limitation of liabilities of ship owners 船舶碰撞 ship collision 船舶遇难 maritime distress 海上灾难 perils of the sea 海上拖航 marine towage 船舶扣押 detention of ship 船舶债权 ship’s credit 船级社 classification society 船级证书 certificate of class 海上留置权 maritime lien 船舶留置权 maritime lien 船舶抵押权 maritime mortgage 海上优先请求权 priority claim to seagoing ships 救助优先权 priority claim to salvage 共同海损优先权 priority claim to general average 服务优先权 priority claim to service 货物损害优先权 priority claim to cargo damage 传播抵押借款和货物抵押借款优先权 priority claim to ship credit and goods credit 海运合同 shipping contract 提单 bill of lading(B/L) 空舱费 dead freight 租船费 charterage 租船合同 charter-party contract of affreightment 期租船合同 time charter-party; time CP 航次租船合同 voyage charter-party 定期租船合同 time charter-party 光船租船合同 bareboat charter-party; bareboat CP 包租运输合同 shipping charter-party 海上旅客运输合同 contract for carriage of passengers by sea 远洋拖带合同 contract of ocean towage 港内拖带合同 contract of port towage 海难救助合同 salvage contract 海事报告 master’s protest;; sea protest 海事声明书 sea protest 海事争议 maritime dispute 海事法院 maritime court;; admiralty court 海事诉讼程序 maritime proceedings 船舶碰撞案件的民事管辖权 civil jurisdiction of sea collision 船舶碰撞案件的刑事管辖权 criminal jurisdiction of sea collision 海事争议的审理 hearing/trial of maritime disputes 海事诉讼保全措施 measures for maritime attachment 海事优先请求权 preferential right top maritime claim 海事请求保全申请书 application/petition for maritime attachment 海事诉讼法律文书送达 service of legal instruments in maritime action/proceedings 涉外海事诉讼管辖权 jurisdiction of maritime action involving for elements 强制变卖被扣押船舶 compulsory realization of the distrained ship 海事仲裁程序规则 rules of maritime arbitration procedure 保险法 insurance law 自愿保险 voluntary insurance 强制保险 compulsory insurance 商业保险 commercial insurance 财产保险 property insurance 人身保险 personal insurance 人寿保险 life insurance 健康保险 health insurance 意外保险 accident insurance 社会保险 social insurance 养老保险 endowment insurance 医疗保险 medical insurance 失业保险 unemployment insurance 信用保险 credit insurance 保证保险 guaranty insurance 保险合同 insurance contract 保险人 insurer; underwriter 被保险人 the insured 受益人 benificiary 投保人 applicant for insurance;; policy holder 保险单 insurance policy 保险标的 insurance object 保险费 premium 保险期限 time limit of insurance 保险利益 insurable interest 保险金额 insurance; insurance compensation 保险事故 insurance accident 保险赔偿 insurance indemnity 保险代理人 insurance agent 保险经纪人 insurance broker 索赔 claim 代位索赔 claim by subrogation 理赔 settlement of claim 代位求偿权 right of subrogation 委付 abandonment 退保 cancellation/discharging of insurance 刑法总论 刑法学 criminal law; penal law 犯罪学 criminology 犯罪心理学 criminal psychology 劳动改造法学 reform-through-labor 中国刑法史 history of Chinese criminal law 比较刑法学 comparative criminal law 刑事侦查 criminal detection 司法精神病学 forensic psychiatry 罪刑法定原则 principal of a legally prescribed punishment for a specified crime 罪刑相适应原则 principal of suiting punishment to crime 罪责自负原则 principal of bearing responsibility solely for one’s own crime 惩罚与教育相结合原则 principal of combining punishment with education 从旧原则 the doctrine of observing old laws 从新原则 the doctrine of observing new laws 从旧兼从轻原则 the doctrine of observing old laws and new ones when with lighter punishment 从新兼从轻原则 the doctrine of observing new laws and old ones when with lighter punishment 追诉时效 limitation of prosecution 刑事责任 criminal liability/responsibility 刑事责任年龄 age for criminal responsibility 刑事责任能力 criminal responsibility; capacity for criminal responsibility 犯罪 crime; commit a crime 故意犯罪 intentional crime; willful crime 过失犯罪 negligent crime 犯罪构成 constitution of a crime 犯罪主体 subject of a crime 犯罪客体 object of a crime 犯罪的主观方面 subjective elements of a crime 犯罪的客观方面 objective elements of a crime 犯罪对象 target of a crime 犯罪故意 criminal intent; mens rea 直接故意 actual intent; direct intent 间接故意 indirect intent 犯罪过失 criminal negligence 疏忽大意的过失 careless negligence 过于自信的过失 negligence with undue assumption 不能预见 unforeseeable; unpredictable 不能避免 unavoidable 犯罪动机 criminal motive 犯罪目的 criminal intent; criminal purpose 防卫过当 unjustifiable self-defense 紧急避险 act of rescue; necessity 犯罪既遂 completion of a crime 犯罪未遂 attempted crime 犯罪形态 criminal pattern 犯罪预备 a crime in preparation; preparation for a crime 犯意表示 expression for a crime 犯罪中止 abandonment/discontinuance of a crime 犯罪中断 suspension of a crime 行为犯 behavioral offence 危险犯 potential damage offence 结果犯 consequential offence 结果加重犯 aggregated consequential offence 类推 analogy 定罪 conviction; crimination 定罪情节 circumstances for adjudgment 定罪量刑 punishment fits the crime 量刑情节 principle of discretionary action of sentencing; principal of sentencing 危害行为 dangerous act 因果关系 causative relation 共同犯罪 complicity; joint offence 教唆犯 abettor   主犯 principal 从犯 accessory 胁从犯 accomplice under duress; unwilling follower 帮助犯 aider; accessory 累犯 recidivist; repeat offence 一般累犯 common recidivist 反革命累犯 counter-revolutionary recidivist 法人犯罪 corporate crime 结伙犯罪 gang crime 流氓集团 gang of hoodlums 流氓罪 crime of indecent assault 集团犯罪 organized crime 经济犯罪 economic crime 职务犯罪 duty crime; crime by taking advantage of duty 聚众犯罪 assembled a crowd to commit a crime 一罪 one crime 一罪不二罚 nemo bis punitur pro eodem delicto; no one is punished twice for the same crime 继续犯 continuous crime 持续犯 continuous crime 想象竟合犯 imaginative joinder of offences 惯犯 habitual offence 结合犯 combinative crime; integrated offence 连续犯 continuing offence 牵连犯 implicated offence 吸收犯 Inclusive offence; absorbable offence 数罪 plural crimes 数罪并罚 joinder of punishment for plural crimes 法定最高刑 maximum statutory penalty 法定最低刑 minimum statutory penalty 总和刑期 total term of sentences 并科原则 doctrine of cumulation of punishments 相加原则 doctrine of accumulation 合并原则 doctrine of joinder   累加原则 cumulative principle 吸收原则 absorption principle 限制加重原则 principle of limitative aggravation 折衷原则 doctrine of compromise 两罚制 dual/double punishment 单罚制 single punishment 漏罪 omitted crime 先并后减 reduction after combined sentence 新罪 newly committed crime 先减后并 combination of sentence after reduction 刑罚个别化原则 principle of individualization of punishment 刑罚经济原则 principle of economization of punishment 刑罚人道主义原则 principle of humanitarianism of punishment 刑罚效益原则 principle of utility of punishment 刑罚的种类 classification of criminal pennalties 生命刑 punishment depriving life 财产刑 punishment against property 权利刑 punishment of depriving rights 主刑 principal penalties 管制 public surveillance 拘役 penal servitude 有期徒刑 fixed-term imprisonment 无期徒刑 life imprisonment 死刑 death penalty 死缓 death sentence with a two-year reprieve 附加刑 accessory penalties 剥夺政治权利 deprivation of political right 没收财产 forfeiture of property 罚金 criminal fine 剥夺勋章、奖章和荣誉称号 stripping of medals, decoration or honorary titles 驱逐出境 renvoi 量刑 sentencing 犯罪事实 criminal fact 犯罪性质 criminal character 犯罪情节 criminal circumstances of crime 情节严重 grave/serious circumstances 情节特别严重 circumstances are particularly serious 情节恶劣 circumstances are wicked 后果特别严重 with particularly serious consequence 量刑情节 circumstance for sentencing 法定情节 statutory circumstances 从轻处罚 lighter punishment 减轻处罚 mitigation of penalty below minimum statutory prescript 从重处罚 heavier punishment 加重处罚 aggravation of penalty below minimum statutory prescript 免予处罚 exemption from punishment 酌定情节 discretionary circumstances 自首 surrender oneself to justice 坦白 confession of one’s offence 自动投案 voluntary surrender to justice 立功 metitorious serviceoffset立功赎罪  假释 one’s guilt by merit 假释考验期 probation period for parole 减刑 commutation; mitigation of punishment 减刑建议书 advisory letter of commutation 赦免 pardon 大赦 amnesty; general pardon 特赦 special pardon 追诉时效 limitation of prosecution 追诉期限 deadline of prosecution 预防犯罪 prevention of crime 缓刑 probation; reprieve 缓刑宣告制 system of suspended pronouncement of sentence 缓刑起诉制 system of suspended prosecution 缓刑考验期 probation period 行刑 execution; executing punishment 监外执行 execution of sentence outside prison yet under surveillance 劳动与社会保障法律 劳动法 labor law 劳动保护 labor protection 劳动合同制 labor contract system   集体劳动合同 collective labor contract 劳动合同期限 term of a labor contract 不定期劳动合同 employment contract with unspecified term 有固定期限劳动合同 time labor contract 劳资双方 labor and management 用人单位 employer 劳动者 employee 劳动年龄 job age; labor age 试用期 probation period 标准工时制度 standard labor time system 劳动时间 working hours 劳动期间 working period 带薪年休假 paid annual leave 法定休假日 legal holiday; official holiday 公休日 public holiday 劳动收入 labor income 工资等级制度 wage grading system 固定工资 wage of fixed amount 浮动工资 floating wage 保底工资 minimum wage 提成工资 deduction wage 劳动人事管理 labor and personnel management 劳动纪律 labor discipline 竞业禁止规定 non-compete rules 保密规定 confidentiality 解雇 dismiss; fire 辞职 resign; resignation 终止劳动关系 terminate labor relation 工伤 industrial injury 福利 welfare 劳动保险 labor insurance 劳动赔偿 labor indemnity 社会保障 social security 就业登记 employment registration 公费医疗 free medical care 下岗 lay off 下岗职工 laid-off worker 劳动管理部门 administrative department for labor 劳动合同鉴定 certification of labor contract 劳动安全卫生检查制度   system of inspection for labor safety and hygiene 劳动能力丧失程度鉴定 verification of degree of physical disability 劳动鉴定委员会 labor appraisal committee 劳动监察制度 labor supervision system 劳动介绍所 employment agency 人才交流中心 talent exchange 劳动力市场 labor market 人事档案 personnel archive 劳动与社会保障部 Ministry of Labor and Social Security 社会保险 social security 养老保险 endowment insurance 医疗保险 medical insurance 失业保险 unemployment insurance 生育保险 birth insurance 劳动争议仲裁庭 arbitration tribunal of labor disputes 劳动仲裁法 labor arbitration law 劳动合同履行地 place where a labor contract is performed   劳动合同争议 dispute of labor contract 申诉人 complainant; petitioner 被申诉人 respondent 仲裁申请书 arbitration petition 先裁后诉 award (a labor dispute) shall be obtained before litigation   行政法律 具体行政行为 specific administrative act 抽象行政行为 abstract administrative act 行政案件 administrative case 行政补偿 administrative recuperation 行政不作为 administrative omission 行政部门 administrative department; executive branch 行政裁定 administrative ruling 行政裁定书 administrative ruling in writing 行政裁决 administrative adjudication 行政裁量 administrative discretion 行政裁判 administrative adjudication 行政程序法 administrative procedure law 行政裁判所 administrative tribunal 行政程序 administrative procedure 行政程序法 administrative procedure law 行政程序立法 administrative procedure ligislation 行政程序违法 violation of law of administrative procedure 行政处罚 administrative penalty; administrative punishment   行政处罚的简易程序 summary procedures for administrative penalties 行政处罚的听证程序 procedure on hearing of administrative penalties 行政处罚决定书 written decision of administrative penalty 行政处分 administrative sanction 行政处理 administrative handling 行政措施 administrative measure; executive action 行政复议 administrative reconsideration 行政申诉 administrative appeal   行政审查 administrative examination 行政审判 administrative adjudication; administrative trial   行政申诉状 written administrative appeal 限制人身自由权的行政处罚 administrative penalties restricting the personal liberty 限制行为权的行政处罚 administrative penalties restricting the right of personal freedom 行政干涉 administrative interference 行政干预 administrative intervention 行政告知 administrative notice 行政割让 cession of administration 行政公函 official letter 行政公开原则 principle of administrative openness 行政即决行为 summary administrative act 行政监察 administrative supervision; supervision over administration 行政监督 administrative supervision; supervision by administration; supervision by the executive 行政检查 administrative inspection 行政鉴定 administrative appraisal 行政救济穷尽原则 doctrine of exhaustiveness(of administrative remedies) 行政拘留 administrative attachment; administrative detention 行政决定 administrative decision; executive decision 行政控制 administrative control; executive control 行政决议 administrative resolution 行政命令 administrative order; executive command; executive order 行政判决 administrative judgement 行政侵权 administration tort 行政请愿 administrative petition 行政协理 administrative assistant 具体行政行为 specific administrative act 行政安排 administrative arrangement 行政控诉 administrative appeal 违法行政行为 administrative act in violation of law 警告 admonition 司法建议 judicial advice   法理（学） jurisprudence 法律渊源 sources of law 法系 family of law; genealogy of law 普通法系 common law 大陆法系 continental genealogy of law; civil law 保护性规范 protective norm 禁止性规范 prohibitive norm 命令性规范 mandatory norm 强制性规范 compulsory norm 任意性规范 random norm 义务性规范 obligatory norm 选择性规范 optional norm 立法 legislation 人治 rule of men 法治 rule of law 法制 justice; ligality 司法监督 judicial supervision 程序法 procedural law 实体法 substantive law

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• 2016-03-20